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Guide to Civil War Material Contained in Otis Archives
The National Museum of Health and Medicine was founded during the Civil War by Surgeon General William Hammond as the Army Medical Museum, a center for the collection of specimens for research in military medicine and surgery. On May 21, 1862, Hammond issued Surgeon General's Office Circular #2, announcing, "As it is proposed to establish in Washington, an Army Medical Museum, Medical officers are directed diligently to collect, and to forward to the office of the Surgeon General, all specimens of morbid anatomy, surgical or medical, which may be regarded as valuable; together with projectiles and foreign bodies removed, and such other matters as may prove of interest in the study of military medicine or surgery. These objects should be accompanied by short explanatory notes. Each specimen in the collection will have appended the name of the medical officer by whom it was prepared." Surgeon John Brinton, the first curator (1862-1864), undertook an aggressive collecting campaign which included visiting mid-Atlantic battlefields as well as soliciting contributions from doctors throughout the Union Army. The information collected during the Civil War was compiled into six volumes of The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (MSHWR), published between 1870 and 1883. (Later editions of the series were titled The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War.)
During and after the war, Museum staff took pictures of wounded soldiers, showing effects of gunshot wounds as well as results of amputations and other surgical procedures. Museum photographs were copied as engravings for MSHWR and also published as an eight-volume set called Photographs of Surgical Cases and Specimens (now in a collection called Surgical Photographs). Joseph J. Woodward, Brinton's assistant curator, later directed the Museum's photography division and pioneered in photomicrographic techniques.
Brinton's successors included George A. Otis (1864-1881), who accomplished most of the work for MSHWR, and D.L. Huntington (1881-1883), who completed the final volumes
OHA 6
- Curatorial Records: Circulars and Reports, 1863-1864
- .25 cubic foot, 1 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Handwritten copies of circulars and reports concerning the Museum to and from the Surgeon General's Office during the Civil War. Most were written by curator John Brinton.
OHA 20
- Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence Reference Cards, 1894-1917
- 1 cubic foot, 2 boxes.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Box 1: Incomplete set of reference cards to numbered correspondence. Many of the cards have been reused and have Civil War references on the back. Box 2: Reference cards to early 20thcentury correspondence arranged by subject. A computer index to the numbered correspondence now serves as a finding aid. There are similar records at the National Library of Medicine.
OHA 75
- Contributed Photographs, 1862-1918
- 24 cubic feet, 39 boxes.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Over 2,000 photographs sent to the Museum by various donors. Includes over 600 Civil War photographs showing wounded soldiers, ambulances, and hospitals. Also includes images of Western forts and Native American conflicts such as the massacre at Wounded Knee; medicine in the Philippines and Puerto Rico; results of surgery; pathological conditions; normal anatomy; prosthetics; anthropometry; Army Hospital Corps activities and equipment; x-rays; and photomicrographs. The photographs are numbered consecutively; many are missing. Copies of some of the series were bound in thirteen volumes. There is an item-level database as well as an original card file index to the collection.
OHA 77
- Medical Series Photographs, 1862-1865
- .5 cubic foot, 1 box.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Photographs of wet specimens (preserved in liquid), primarily intestines, taken at the Museum during and after the Civil War. The numbering system, which was used in the 1867 Museum Catalogue, was later subsumed into the Pathological Series. Many of the photographs were bound in a volume titled "Camp Fever and Camp Dysentery."
OHA 83
- Woodward Photographs & Photomicrographs, 1860-1880s
- 80 cubic feet, 135 boxes.
- Partial finding aid, part arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Photomicrographs taken by Joseph J. Woodward, head of the Museum's Medical and Microscopic Sections (see Woodward Collection). Most of the collection (131 boxes) consists of glass plate negatives which are stored separately. Most prints are bound in volumes; many accompany reports to the Surgeon General about photomicrography techniques. Images show cancer, blood, insects, plants, and fungi. Some were taken by Woodward's assistant, Edward Curtis, and some were exhibited at the U.S. Centennial International Exhibition (1876). Includes 20 volumes called "New Series." Other photographs in this series are pictures of the Museum and Washington area notables, probably taken by William Bell. Included are Civil War generals Ulysses S. Grant, Daniel Sickles, Philip Sheridan, Joseph Barnes. Original index card finding aids for the portraits exist. Some negatives for the Surgical Photographs are included in the collection.
OHA 111
- Bell Collection, 1865-1910
- 1 cubic foot, 2 boxes.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Papers of William Bell (1830?1910), photographer for the Wheeler expedition of 1872 and Transit of Venus expedition to Santa Cruz, Patagonia (Argentina) of 1882. He was chief photographer for the Army Medical Museum after the Civil War and took many of the pictures in Photographs of Surgical Cases and Specimens. Includes stereographs documenting Bell's expeditions and other subjects (including some taken by William Henry Jackson); commissions; and obituaries.
OHA 121
- Breneman Collection, 1861-1867
- .25 cubic foot, 1 box.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Correspondence and orders of Union Army assistant surgeon E. DeW. Breneman (sometimes spelled Brenneman, Brenemann, or Brennerman) during and after the Civil War.
OHA 136
- Civil War Recruitment Poster, 1861
- 1 oversize poster.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Color poster titled "View of the Philadelphia Volunteer Refreshment Saloons," with illustrations of "refreshment saloons" and hospitals. Published by the Volunteer Refreshment Company of Philadelphia, with an inscription to Secretary of Treasury Salmon P. Chase.
OHA 165
- Gardner Collection, 1861, 1919
- 1 oversize folder.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Diploma and obituary of Civil War surgeon Joseph Gardner (1833-1919). After the war Gardner practiced in Bedford, Indiana; invented a fire extinguisher; and served in the Indiana House of Representatives. The diploma is from the University of Louisville's Medical Department.
OHA 198
- Jackson Collection, 1847-1865
- 1 cubic foot, 2 boxes.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Papers of Civil War surgeon R.M.S. Jackson of the U.S. Volunteers, Medical Division of Eastern Tennessee. Includes correspondence, some about sending specimens to the Army Medical Museum; invoices of supplies, reports, and other medical records; photographs; and a list of Army medical officers.
OHA 207
- Kirk Diary, 1992
- .05 cubic foot, .1 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Typescript copy of diary, dating from 1865 to 1869, by Dr. R.M. Kirk, a contract surgeon for the Union Army during the Civil War. Kirk served in Maryland and Texas. Researchers using the diary must credit the donor, who retains the original.
OHA 218
- Loughery Collection, 1989
- .2 cubic foot, .5 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Photocopies of a diary and letters, dating from 1863 to 1888, of Lt. Roger Loughery, Co. C, 27th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, who was wounded during the Civil War. The originals remain in the donor's possession.
OHA 271
- Perin Collection, 1840s-1890
- .25 cubic foot, 1 box.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Papers of Col. Glover H. Perin (18231890), a Union medical director during the Civil War. Includes journals, reprints, reports, correspondence, medical records, a photograph, and manuscript. Items from this donation are also in Historical Collections.
OHA 278
- Pleasants Photograph Album, 1864-1865
- .5 cubic foot, 1 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Photograph album belonging to Frances Pleasants, who taught wounded soldiers at the Army hospital in Germantown, Pennsylvania. Presented by her patients, it contains photographs of them as well as other Civil War images. Includes albumen cartesdevisite, tintypes, and newspaper clippings.
OHA 299
- Shaw Collection, 1861-1865
- .25 cubic foot, 1 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- New testament carried by assistant surgeon M. Eugene Shaw during the Civil War, a cased tintype of Shaw, and his commission as assistant surgeon. He was killed during the American Indian campaigns in 1867. See also related material, including a uniform, sword, and Lincoln mourning badge, in Historical Collections.
OHA 304
- Simonds Collection, 1863-1911
- .33 cubic foot, 1 box.
- Finding aid available, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Civil War records of Dr. Justin Simonds, U.S. Army contract surgeon, and his wife Emma L. Simonds, who served as an Army nurse with the U.S. Sanitary Commission. Includes Dr. Simonds's prescription logbook for Ward C of Jackson Hospital, Memphis (1863), and his pension certificate (1911); and E. Simond's nursing appointments to Jackson and Gayaso hospitals in Memphis (1863) and her release certificate from Gayaso (1864). Also includes biographical information.
OHA 315
- Statz Notebook, 1855-1865
- .01 cubic foot, .33 box.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, restricted.
- Notebook of Sgt. John Statz, 7th New York Volunteers, which stopped a bullet during the Civil War. Contains copies of letters to the U.S. Legation in Berlin written by Statz while he was in Cologne during the 1850s.
OHA 323
- Surgeon General's Office Records, 1861-1970s
- 4.5 cubic feet, 7 boxes.
- No finding aid, part arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Printed records of the Surgeon General's Office including circular letters and orders (most 1860s); annual reports (18631881, 19581971); quarterly reports (18751882); and lists of medical officers (18621876). Also includes several scrapbooks holding printed material from the postCivil War period, such as blank forms and envelopes, regulations, circular letters, and Army Medical Museum specimen labels.
OHA 330
- Thomson Photomicrographs, 1876
- .3 cubic foot.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Two copies of an album of photomicrographs made by Dr. William Thomson in 1864 during the Civil War at Douglas Hospital in Washington, DC. The photographs were made "to demnostrate the value of photomicography and its possibility with the compound microscope then issued by the Surgen General's Office to the general hospitals." (from the introductory note.) These albums were compiled for and exhibited at the U.S Centennial International Exhibition (1876). A Union doctor during the Civil War, Thomson contributed to writing the Museum's Catalogue and pioneered in photomicrography and ophthalmic surgery. One album is the Surgeon General's Library copy (SGL #72845) and has an introductory handwritten note by Dr. J. J. Woodward; the second album (MM8615-2) was Assistant Surgeon General Crane's personal copy.
OHA 338
- U.S. Army Ambulance Material, 1859-1960s
- 1.5 cubic feet, 2 boxes.
- No finding aid, part arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Assembled material on the history of U.S. Army ambulances from the Civil War to World War I. Includes originals and copies of Army specifications, regulations, correspondence, and drawings, and photographs of ambulance wagons, railroad cars, and ships.
OHA 339
- U.S. Army Medical Department Registers, 1862-1879
- 12 cubic feet, 31 boxes, 2 oversize folders.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Logbooks compiled during and after the Civil War, titled "Register of Surgical Operations" and "Register of the Sick and Wounded." Each volume covers a type of injury or operation, including head, neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, and gunshot wounds; ligations, excisions, and amputations. Also two logbooks from the Bureau of Surgical Records, Surgeon General's Office, listing reported operations and injuries as well as clerk activity reports; as well as charts of rations, medicines, and Confederate casualties. The records were used for The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion.
OHA 359
- Winston Papers, 1970s
- 1.5 cubic feet.
- No finding aid, unarranged, inactive, restricted.
- Six binders of copies of letters of Dr. Thomas Winston, Union Army surgeon during the Civil War. The letters are to his wife and other family members and date from 1862 to 1866. Donated by his granddaughter; permission to publish must be obtained from her or other descendants.
OHA 379
- Young Sketchbook, 1865
- .1 cubic foot.
- No finding aid, arranged, inactive, unrestricted.
- Bound sketchbook with 24 drawings of wounded Civil War soldiers and case histories by surgeon Daniel S. Young. Young planned to write a medical history of the war but ended his project when the Surgeon General's Office began its history. Additional sketches by Young are held at the Cincinnati Medical Heritage Center of the University of Cincinnati.
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